User blog:KittyNomsYou/How to Make Friends and Influence People

 I ask that all of you take the time out of your busy days to read the entirety of this, and honestly ponder over it. Also, I politely request there be no argumentative comments on this blog, or comments unrelated to the content of it. Thank you.



 A chapter directly from Dale Carnegie’s How to Win Friends and Influence People (I do not claim to own any part of this text).

“If You Want to Gather Honey, Don’t Kick Over the Beehive” 

  

  On May 7th, 1931, the most sensational manhunt New York City had ever known had come to a climax. After weeks of search, “Two Gun” Crowley- the killer, the gunman who didn’t smoke or drink- was at bay, trapped in his sweetheart’s apartment on West End Avenue.



<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> One hundred and fifty policemen and detectives laid siege to his top-floor hideaway. They chopped holes in the roof; they tried to smoke out Crowley, the “cop killer”, with tear gas. Then they mounted their machine guns on surrounding buildings, and for more than an hour one of New York’s fine residential areas reverberated with the crack of pistol fire and the rat-a-tat-tat of machine guns. Crowley, crouching behind an overstuffed chair, fired incessantly at the police. Ten thousand excited people watched the battle. Nothing like it had ever been seen before on the sidewalks of New York.

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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> When Crowley was captured, Police Commissioner E.P. Mulrooney declared that the two-gun desperado was one of the most dangerous criminals ever encountered in the history of New York. “He will kill,” said the Commissioner, “at the drop of a feather.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> But how did “Two Gun” Crowley regard himself? We know, because while the police were firing into his apartment, he wrote a letter addressed “To whom it may concern.” And, as he wrote, the blood flowing from his wounds left a crimson trail on the paper. In his letter Crowley said: “Under my coat is a weary heart but a kind one- one that would do nobody any harm”.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> A short time before this, Crowley had been having a necking party with his girlfriend on a country road out on Long Island. Suddenly a policeman walked up to the car and said: “Let me see your license”.

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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Without saying a word, Crowley drew his gun and cut the policeman down with a shower of lead. As the dying officer fell, Crowley leaped out of the car, grabbed the officer’s revolver, and fired another bullet into the prostrate body. And that was the killer who said: “Under my coat is a weary heart, but a kind one- one that would do nobody any harm”.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Crowley was sentenced to electric chair. When he arrived at the death house in Sing Sing, did he say, “This is what I get for killing people”? No, he said: “This is what I get for defending myself.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">  The point of the story is this: “Two Gun” Crowley didn’t blame himself for anything.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">  Is that an unusual attitude among criminals? If you think so, listen to this:

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> “I have spent the best years of my life giving people the lighter pleasures, helping them have a good time, and all I get is abuse, the existence of a hunted man.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> That’s Al Capone speaking. Yes, America’s most notorious Public Enemy- the most sinister gang leader who ever shot up Chicago. Capone didn’t condemn himself. He actually regarded himself as a public benefactor- an unappreciated and misunderstood public benefactor.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> And so did Dutch Schultz before he crumpled up under gangster bullets in Newark. Dutch Schultz, one of New York’s most notorious rats, said in a newspaper interview that he was a public benefactor. And he believed it.

<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> I have had some interesting correspondence with Lewis Lawes, who was warden of New York’s infamous Sing Sing prison for many years, on this subject, and he declared that “few of the criminals in Sing Sing regard themselves as bad men. They are just as human as you and I. So they rationalize, they explain. They can tell you why they had to crack a safe or be quick on the trigger finger. Most of them <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">attempt by a form of reasoning, fallacious or logical, to justify their antisocial acts even to themselves, consequently stoutly maintaining that they should never have been imprisoned at all.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> If Al Capone, “Two Gun” Crowley, Dutch Schultz, and the desperate men and women behind prison walls don’t blame themselves for anything- what about the people with whom you and I come into contact?

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> John Wanamaker, founder of the stores that bear his name, once confessed: “I learned thirty years ago that it is foolish to scold. I have enough trouble overcoming my own limitations without fretting over the fact that God has not seen fit to distribute evenly the gift of intelligence.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Wanamaker learned this lesson early, but I personally had to blunder through this old world for a third of a century before it even began to dawn upon me that ninety-nine times out of a hundred, people don’t criticize themselves for anything, no matter how wrong it may be.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Criticism is futile because it puts a person on the defensive and usually makes him strive to justify himself. Criticism is dangerous, because it wounds a person’s precious pride, hurts his sense of importance, and arouses resentment.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> B.F. Skinner, the world-famous psychologist, proved through his experiments that an animal rewarded for good behavior will learn much more rapidly and retain what it learns far more effectively than an animal punished for bad behavior. Later studies have shown that the same applies to humans. By criticizing, we do not make lasting changes and often incur resentment.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Hans Selye, another great psychologist, said, “As much as we thirst for approval, we dread condemnation.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> The resentment that criticism engenders can demoralize employees, family members and friends, and still nor correct the situation that has been condemned.

<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> George B. Johnston of Enid, Oklahoma, is the safety coordinator for an engineering company. One of his responsibilities is to see that employees wear hard hats whenever they are on the job in the field. He reported that whenever he came across workers that were not wearing hard hats, he would tell them with a lot of authority and regulation that they must comply. As a result he would get sullen acceptance, and often after he left, the workers would remove the hats.

<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> He decided to try a different approach. The next time he found some of the workers not wearing their hard hat, he asked if the hats were uncomfortable or did not fit properly. Then he reminded the men in a pleasant tone of voice that the hat was designed to protect them from injury and suggested that it always be worn on the job. The result was increased compliance with the regulation and no resentment or emotional upset.

<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> You will find examples of the futility of criticism bristling on a thousand pages of history. Take, for example, the famous quarrel between Theodore Roosevelt and President Taft- a quarrel that split the Republican party, put Woodrow Wilson in the White House, and wrote bold, luminous lines across the First World War and altered the flow of history. Let’s review the facts quickly. When Theodore Roosevelt stepped out of the White House in 1908, he supported Taft, who was elected President. Then Theodore Roosevelt went off to Africa to shoot lions. When he returned, he exploded. He denounced Taft for his conservatism, tried to secure the nomination for the third term himself, formed the Bull Moose party, and all but demolished the G.O.P. In the election that followed, William Howard Taft and the Republican party carried only two states- Vermont and Utah. The most disastrous defeat the party had ever known.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">  <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">  Theodore Roosevelt blamed Taft, but did President Taft blame himself? Of course not. With tears in his eyes, Taft said: “I don’t see how I could have done any differently from what I have”.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Who was to blame? Roosevelt or Taft? Frankly, I don’t know, and I don’t care. The point I am trying to make is that all of Theodore Roosevelt’s criticism didn’t persuade Taft that he was wrong. It merely made Taft strive to justify himself and to reiterate with tears in his eyes: “I don’t see how I could have done any differently from what I have”.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">  Or, take the Teapot Dome oil scandal. It kept the newspapers ringing with indignation in the early 1920s. It rocked the nation! Within the memory of living men, nothing like it had ever happened before in American public life. Here are the bare facts of the scandal: Albert B. Fall, secretary of the interior in Harding’s cabinet, was entrusted with the leasing of government oil reserves at Elk Hill and Teapot Dome- oil reserves that had been set aside for the future use of the Navy. Did Secretary Fall permit competitive bidding? No sir. He handed the fat, juicy contract outfight to his friend Edward L. Doheny. And what did Doheny do? He gave Secretary Fall what he was pleased to call a “loan” of one hundred thousand dollars. Then, in a high-handed manner, Secretary Fall ordered United States Marines into the district to drive off competitors whose adjacent wells were sapping oil out of the Elk Hill reserves. These competitors, driven off their ground at the ends of guns and bayonets, rushed into court- and blew the lid off the Teapot Dome scandal. A stench arose so vile that it ruined the Harding Administration, nauseated an entire nation, threatened to wreck the Republican Party, and put Albert B. Fall behind prison bars.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Fall was condemned viciously- condemned as few men in public life have ever been. Did he repent? Never! Years later Herbert Hoover intimated in a public speech that President Harding’s death had been due to mental anxiety and worry because a friend had betrayed him. When Mrs. Fall heard that, she sprang from her chair, she wept, she shook her fists at fate and screamed: “What! Harding betrayed by Fall? No! My husband never betrayed anyone. This whole house full of gold would not tempt my husband to do wrong. He is the one who has been betrayed and led to the slaughter and crucified.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> There you are; human nature in action, wrongdoers, blaming everybody but themselves. We are all like that. So when you and I are tempted to criticize someone tomorrow, let’s remember Al Capone, “Two Gun” Crowley and Albert Fall. Let’s realize that criticisms are like homing pigeons. They always return home. Let’s realize that the person we are going to correct and condemn will probably justify himself or herself, and condemn us in return; or, like the gentle Taft, will say: “I don’t see how I could have done any differently from what I have.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> ***

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> On the morning of April 15th, 1865, Abraham Lincoln lay dying in a hall bedroom of a cheap lodging house directly across the street from Ford’s Theater, where John Wilkes Booth had shot him. Lincoln’s long body lay stretched diagonally across a sagging bed that was too short for him. A cheap reproduction of Rosa Bonheur’s famous painting The Horse Fair hung above the bed, and a dismal gas jet flickered yellow light.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> As Lincoln lay dying, Secretary of War Stanton said, “There lies the most perfect ruler of men that the world has ever seen.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> What was the secret of Lincoln’s success in dealing with people? I studied the life of Abraham Lincoln for ten years and devoted all of 3 years to writing and rewriting a book entitled Lincoln the Unknown. I believe I have made as detailed and exhaustive a study of Lincoln’s personality and home life as it is possible for any being to make. I made a special study of Lincoln’s method of dealing with people. Did he indulge in criticism? Oh, yes. As a young man in the Pigeon Creek Valley of Indiana, he not only criticized but wrote letters and poems ridiculing people and dropped these letters on country roads where they were sure to be found. One of these letters aroused resentments that burned for a lifetime.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Even after Lincoln had become a practicing lawyer in Springfield, Illinois, he attacked his opponents openly in letters published in the newspapers. But he did this just once too often.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> In the autumn of 1842 he ridiculed a vain, pugnacious politician by the name of James Shields. Lincoln lampooned him through an anonymous letter published in the Springfield Journal. The town roared with laughter. Shields, sensitive and proud, boiled with indignation. He found out who wrote the letter, leaped on his horse, started after Lincoln, and challenged him to fight a duel. Lincoln didn’t want to fight. He was opposed to dueling, but he couldn’t get out of it and save his honor. He was given a choice of weapons. Since he had very long arms, he chose cavalry broadswords and took lessons in sword fighting from a West Point graduate; and, on the appointed day, he and Shields met on a sandbar in the Mississippi River, prepared to fight to the death; but, at the last minute, their seconds interrupted and stopped the duel.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> That was the most lurid personal incident in Lincoln’s life. It taught him an invaluable lesson in the art of dealing with people. Never again did he write an insulting letter. Never again did he ridicule anyone. And from that time on, he almost never criticized anybody for anything.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Time after time, during the Civil War, Lincoln put a new general at the head of the Army of the Potomac, and each one blundered in turn- McClellan, Pope, Burnside, Hooker, Meade- blundered tragically and drove Lincoln to pacing the floor in despair. Half the nation savagely condemned these incompetent generals, but Lincoln, with “malice toward none, and charity for all,” held his peace. One of his favorite quotations was “Judge not, lest ye be judged.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> And when Mrs. Lincoln and others spoke harshly of the southern people, Lincoln replied: “Don’t criticize them; they are just what we would be under similar circumstances.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Yet if any man ever had the occasion to criticize, surely it was Lincoln. Let’s take just one illustration:

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> The Battle of Gettysburg was fought during the first three days of July 1863. During the night of July 4th,Lee began to retreat southward while storm clouds deluged the country with rain. When Lee reached the Potomac with his defeated army, he found a swollen, impassable river in front of him, and a victorious Union Army behind him. Lee was in a trap. He couldn’t escape. Lincoln saw that. Here was a golden, heaven-sent opportunity- the opportunity to capture Lee’s army and end the war immediately. So with a surge of high hope, Lincoln ordered Meade not to call a council of war but to attack Lee immediately. Lincoln telegraphed his orders and then sent a special messenger to Meade demanding immediate action.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> And what did General Meade do? He did the very opposite of what he was told to do. He called a council of war in direct violation of Lincoln’s orders. He hesitated. He procrastinated. He telegraphed all manner of excuses. He refused point-blank to attack Lee. Finally the waters receded and Lee escaped over the Potomac with his forces.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Lincoln was furious. “What does this mean?” Lincoln cried to his son Robert. “Great God! What does this mean? We had them within our grasp, and had only to stretch forth our hands and they were ours; yet nothing I could say or do could make the army move. Under the circumstances, almost any general could have defeated Lee. If I had gone up there, I could have whipped him myself.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> In bitter disappointment, Lincoln sat down and wrote Meade this letter. And remember, at this period of his life Lincoln was extremely conservative and restrained in his phraseology. So this letter coming from Lincoln in 1863 was tantamount to the severest rebuke.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">           My Dear General,

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">I do not believe you appreciate the magnitude of the misfortune involved in Lee’s escape. He was within our easy grasp, and to have closed upon him would, in connection with our other late successes, have ended the war. As it is, the war will be prolonged indefinitely. If you could not

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">safely attack Lee last Monday, how could you possibly do so south of the river, when you can take with you very few- no more than two thirds of the force you had then had in hand? It would be unreasonable to expect that and I do not expect that you can now affect much. Your golden opportunity is gone, and I am distressed immeasurably because of it.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> What do you suppose Meade did when he read the letter?

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Meade never saw that letter. Lincoln never mailed it. It was found among his papers after his death.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> My guess is- and this is only a guess- that after writing that letter, Lincoln looked out of the window and said to himself, “Just a minute. Maybe I ought not to be so hasty. It is easy enough for me to sit here in the quiet of the White House and order Meade to attack; but if I had been up at Gettysburg, and if I had seen as much blood as Meade has seen during the last week, and if my ears had been pierced with the screams and shrieks of the wounded and dying, maybe I wouldn’t be so anxious to attack either. If I had Meade’s timid temperament, perhaps I would have done just what he had done. Anyhow, it is water under the bridge now. If I send this letter, it will relieve my feelings, but it will make Meade try to justify himself. It will make him condemn me. It will arouse hard feelings, impair all his further usefulness as a commander, and perhaps force him to resign from the army.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> So, as I have already said, Lincoln put the letter aside, for he had learned by bitter experience that sharp criticisms and rebukes almost invariably end in futility.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Theodore Roosevelt said that when he, as President, was confronted with a perplexing problem, he used to lean back and look up at a large painting of Lincoln which hung above his desk in the White House and ask himself, “What would Lincoln do if he were in my shoes? How would he solve this problem?”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> The next time we are tempted to admonish somebody, let’s pull a five-dollar bill out of our pocket, look at Lincoln’s picture on the bill, and ask, “How would Lincoln solve this problem if he had it?”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Mark Twain lost his temper occasionally and wrote letters that turned the paper brown. For example, he once wrote to a man who had aroused his ire: “The thing for you is a burial permit. You only have to speak and I will see that you get it.” On another occasion he wrote to an editor about a proofreader’s attempts to “improve my spelling and punctuation.” He ordered: “Set the matter according to my copy hereafter and see that the proofreader retains his suggestions in the mush of his decayed brain.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> The writing of these stinging letters made Mark Twain feel better. They allowed him to blow off steam, and the letters didn’t do any real harm, because Mark Twain’s wife secretly lifted them out of the mail. They were never sent.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Do you know someone you would like to change and regulate and improve? Good! That is fine. I am all in favor of it. But why not begin on yourself? From a purely selfish standpoint, that is a lot more profitable than trying to improve others- yes, and a lot less dangerous. “Don’t complain about the snow on your neighbor’s roof,” said Confucius, “when your own doorstep is unclean.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> When I was still young and trying to impress people, I wrote a foolish letter to Richard Harding Davis, an author who once loomed large on the literary horizon of America. I was preparing a magazine article about the authors, and I asked Davis to tell me about his method of work. A few weeks earlier, I had received a letter from someone with this notation at the bottom: “Dictated but not read.” I was quite impressed. I felt that the writer must be very big and busy and important. I wasn’t the slightest bit busy, but I was eager to make an impression on Richard Harding Davis, so I ended my short note with the words: “Dictated but not read.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> He never troubled to answer the letter. He simply returned it to me with this scribbled across the bottom: “Your bad manners are exceeded only by your bad manners.” True, I had blundered, and perhaps I deserved this rebuke. But, being human, I resented it. I resented it so deeply that when I read of the death

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">of Richard Harding Davis ten years later, the one thought that still persisted in my mind- I am ashamed to admit- was the hurt he had given me.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> If you and I want to stir up resentment tomorrow that may rankle across the decades and endure until death, just let us indulge in a little stinging criticism- no matter how certain we are that it is justified.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> When dealing with people, let us remember that we are not dealing with creatures of logic. We are dealing with creatures of emotion, creatures bristling with prejudices and motivated by pride and vanity.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Bitter criticism caused the sensitive Thomas Hardy, one of the finest novelists ever to enrich English literature, to give up forever the writing of fiction. Criticism drove Thomas Chatterton, the English poet, to suicide.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so adroit at handling people, that he was made American Ambassador to France. The secret of his success? “I will speak ill of no man,” he said, “…and speak all the good I know of everybody.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Any fool can criticize, condemn and complain- and most fools do.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> But it takes character and self-control to be understanding and forviging.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> “A great man shows his greatness,” said Carlyle, “by the way he treats little men.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Bob Hoover, a famous test pilot and frequent performer at air shows, was returning to his home in Los Angeles from an air show in San Diego. As described in the magazine Flight Operations, at three hundred feet in the air, both engines suddenly stopped. By deft maneuvering he managed to land the plane, but it was badly damaged although nobody was hurt.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Hoover’s first act after the emergency landing was to inspect the airplane’s fuel. Just as he suspected, the World War II propeller plane he had been flying had been fueled with jet fuel rather than gasoline.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Upon returning to the airport, he asked to see the mechanic who had serviced his airplane. The young man was sick with the agony of his mistake. Tears streamed down his face as Hoover approached. He had just caused the loss of a very expensive plane and could have caused the loss of three lives as well.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> You can imagine Hoover’s anger. One could imagine the tongue-lashing that this proud and precise pilot would unleash for that carelessness. But Hoover didn’t even scold the mechanic; he didn’t even criticize him. Instead, he put his big arm around the man’s shoulder and said, “To show you I’m sure that you’ll never do this again, I want you to service my F-51 tomorrow.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Often parents are tempted to criticize their children. You would expect me to say “don’t.” But I will not. I am merely going to say, “Before you criticize them, read one of the classics of American journalism, ‘Father Forgets.’” It originally appeared as an editorial in the People’s Home Journal. We are reprinting it here with the author’s permission, as condensed in the Reader’s Digest:

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> “Father Forgets” is one of those little pieces which- dashed off in a moment of sincere feeling- strikes an echoing chord in so many readers as to become a perennial reprint favorite. “Since its first appearance, ‘Father Forgets’ has been reproduced,” writes the author, W. Livingston Larned, “in hundreds of magazines and house organs, and in newspapers the country over. It has been reprinted almost as extensively in many foreign languages. I have given personal permission to thousands who wished to read it from school, church, and lecture platforms. It has been ‘on the air’ on countless occasions and programs. Oddly enough, college periodicals have used it, and high school magazines. Sometimes a little piece seems mysteriously to ‘click.’ This one certainly did.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">                                                  FATHER FORGETS

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">                                                ''W. Livingston Larned ''

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> Listen, son: I am saying this as you lie asleep, one little paw crumpled under your cheek and the blond curls stickily wet on your damp forehead. I have stolen into your room alone. Just a few

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">minutes ago, as I sat reading my paper in the library, a stifling wave of remorse swept over me. Guiltily I came to your bedside.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> There are the things I was thinking, son: I had been cross to you. I scolded you as you were dressing for school because you gave your face merely a dab with a towel. I took you to task for not cleaning your shoes. I called out angrily when you threw some of your things on the floor.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> At breakfast I found fault, too. You spilled things. You gulped down your food. You put your elbows on the table. You spread butter too thick on your bread. And as you started off to play and I made for my train, you turned and waved a hand and called, “Goodbye, Daddy!” and I frowned, and said in reply, “Hold your shoulders back!”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Then it began all over again in the late afternoon. As I came up the road I spied you, down on your knees, playing marbles. There were holes in your stockings. I humiliated you before your boyfriends by marching you ahead of me to the house. Stockings were expensive, and if you had to buy them you would be more careful! Imagine that, son, from a father!

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Do you remember, later, when I was reading in the library, how you came in timidly, with a sort of hurt look in your eyes? When I glanced up over my paper, impatient at the interruption, you hesitated at the door. “What is it you want?” I snapped.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> You said nothing, but ran across in one tempestuous plunge, and threw your arms around my neck and kissed me, and your small arms tightened with an affection that God had set blooming in your heart and which even neglect could not wither. And then you were gone, pattering up the stairs.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Well, son, it was shortly afterwards that my paper slipped from my hands and a terrible sickening fear came over me. What has habit been doing to me? The habit of finding fault, of reprimanding- this was my reward to you for being a boy. It was not that I did not love you; it was that I expected too much of youth. I was measuring you by the yardstick of my own years.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> And there was so much that was good and fine and true in your character. The little heart of you was as big as the dawn itself over the wide hills. This was shown by your spontaneous impulse to rush in and kiss me goodnight. Nothing else matters tonight, son. I have come to your bedside in the darkness, and I have knelt there, ashamed!

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> It is a feeble atonement; I know you would not understand these things if I told them to you during your waking hours. But tomorrow I will be a real daddy! I will chum with you, and suffer when you suffer, and laugh when you laugh. I will bite my tongue when impatient words come. I will keep saying as if it were a ritual: “He is nothing but a boy- a little boy!”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> I am afraid I have visualized you as a man. Yet as I see you now, son, crumpled and weary in your cot, I see that you are still a baby. Yesterday you were in your mother’s arms, your head on her shoulder. I have asked too much, too much.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Instead of condemning people, let’s try to understand them. Let’s try to figure out why they do what they do. That’s a lot more profitable and intriguing than criticism; and it breeds sympathy, tolerance and kindness. “To know all is to forgive all.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> As Dr. Johnson said: “God himself, sir, does not propose to judge man until the end of his days.”

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"> Why should you and I?

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">'''<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">                                                Principle 1: Don’t criticize, condemn, or complain. '''